According to this theory, a driver's performance in dangerous situations is a function of decision-making.
#Driving hazard perception test 2016 driver#
Since the largest share of driver errors was related to decision-making and cognition, the situational awareness theory was predominantly adverted. However, slips are caused by weaknesses in the motor cortex of the brain and peripheral nerves ( 12). Lapses are caused by impaired working memory mechanisms in the brain. Wickens mentioned the lack of situational awareness in mistakes due to lack of knowledge or experience as well as the limitations of the five senses of humans.
The Reason's findings were also supported by subsequent research ( 10, 11).
It was asserted that decision-based errors are the most common causes of accidents ( 9). By introducing the SLM (slip, lapse, and mistake-based errors) model in 1990, Reason emphasized that two distinct psychological mechanisms of errors (unintentional) and violation (intentional) mediate unsafe behaviors in driving. Based on the Cognitive Levels of Rasmussen model (skill, rule, and knowledge-based behavior SRK) and its relationship with human errors in driving, it can be argued that experience is an essential factor in traffic accidents ( 8). Only 11.2% of errors belong to functional errors like over-movement, fluster, freezing, and lack of control over navigation ( 7). Fifty-six percent of driving errors are cognitive errors like inattention, distraction, and not being mentally alert. stated that 52.1% of driving errors are decision-making errors, including incorrect assessment, erroneous assumption, improper maneuver, speeding, failing to signal, and improper distance. After assessing the traffic accidents, Treat et al. These data indicate that current controls on the risk of unsafe behaviors are not effective enough in Iran, and focusing on safe driving behaviors can be the best strategy to prevent traffic accidents in this country.
#Driving hazard perception test 2016 drivers#
Also, 40% of road accidents occur for novice drivers who have been licensed for less than a year ( 6). The annual averages of deaths and injuries caused by road accidents have been 17,226.5 and 320,987.5, respectively, over the last ten years (ie, from 2010 to 2020) ( 4).Īccording to the results of investigations, human error accounts for 75% of traffic accidents ( 5). Iranian legal medicine organization reported 0.33% injuries and 0.00184% deaths due to traffic accidents in 2021.
While 48% of road accidents occur in developing countries, 90% lead to death in these countries ( 2, 3), emphasizing a higher risk of traffic accidents in developing countries. Driving is the eighth top cause of death for all age groups globally ( 1). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately one million and thirty-five thousand people die each year worldwide because of traffic accidents and road injuries. Backgroundĭriving remains one of the riskiest activities globally. Hazard Perception Test Driving Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) 1. Application of this valid test is suggested for assessing the hazard perception of drivers, particularly those who are responsible for transporting staff and goods in the studied country.
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